Lesson Template

Conversion

Convert values safely between data types and text formats.

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Lesson Overview

This lesson introduces the core ideas behind Conversion.

int raw = 1023;
float voltage = (float)raw * 3.3 / 4095.0;
String text = String(voltage, 2);

Learn how byte() converts values to 8-bit range, how casting behaves, and how to avoid overflow wrap-around.

Learn how char() converts numeric values into character codes for text, symbols, and lightweight serial protocols.

Learn how float() converts values into decimal-capable form for precise division, scaling, and sensor calculations.

Learn how int() converts values into whole numbers, removes decimal part, and supports safe numeric casting.

Learn how long() converts values to a larger integer type for millis timing, counters, and overflow-safe arithmetic.

Learn how (unsigned int) casting creates non-negative integer values and how wrap behavior affects conversions from negative inputs.

Learn how (unsigned long) casting creates large non-negative integer values and how wrap behavior affects conversions from signed inputs.

Learn how word() casts values into 16-bit unsigned form, how wrap-around behaves, and when to use it for compact timing and packed data.